![]() Skin is removed and a syringe is used to collect joint fluid aseptically.įigure 2. Sampling of joint fluid using a swab. Sampling of the joint fluid from a dead pig. Submit synovial tissue in formalin for histopathologic evaluation.įigure 1. Submit swab/synovial fluid for bacterial culture, antimicrobial susceptibility, and serotyping via PCR. From dead or euthanized pigs, collect joint swabs (or synovial fluid) as well as synovium tissue from 2 or more untreated pigs with acute, swollen joints.Serotyping is very valuable in helping select isolates for autogenous vaccination.Positive: Strong association if matches clinical signs.MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentrations): if MICs are done, ensure antimicrobial selected achieves the listed MIC value in the target organ.Resistant: select different antimicrobial.Susceptible: possible good choice for treatment if antimicrobial can reach target tissue.No growth: Animal possibly previously treated with antibiotics or not significant contributor.Low: questionable value (could be contaminant).High: highly suggestive of disease contributor.Pure growth: highly suggestive of disease contributor.Significantly less untypeable isolates when compared to serologic serotyping.Does not requires stocking of anti-serum as with serologic serotyping.A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique that detects presence of specific sequence of nucleic acids (DNA) associated with known virulence genes.Moderate price, but usually only test 1 isolate.There is multiple cross-reactivity between serotypes.Helps with proper vaccine selection or autogenous production (matching serotype).Use of specific anti-serums looking for agglutination.Evaluation of synovium can provide guidance on chronicity of infection.Associate bacterial presence with tissue damage.Sample types: tissue (especially synovium for joint infections).Sometimes can also detect the presence of organisms directly (bacteria and parasites) or indirectly (virus) through additional special staining. ![]()
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